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Service Animals and Emotional Support Animals

Where are they immune and under what conditions?

 Jacquie Brennan
Vinh Nguyen (Ed.)
Southwest ADA Centre
A program of ILRU at TIRR Memorial Hermann

Foreword

This manual is defended to the retentiveness of Pax, a devoted guide domestic dog, and to all the handler and dog teams working together across the nation. Guide dogs make information technology possible for their handlers to travel safely with independence, freedom and dignity.

Pax guided his handler faithfully for over x years. Together they negotiated endless decorated intersections and safely traveled the streets of many cities, large and small. His skillful guiding kept his handler from injury on more than one occasion. He accompanied his handler to concern meetings, restaurants, theaters, and social functions where he conducted himself as would whatsoever highly-trained guide domestic dog. Pax was a seasoned traveler and was the get-go dog to fly in the cabin of a domestic aircraft to Great Britain, a country that had previously barred service animals without extended quarantine.

Pax was built-in in the kennels of The Seeing Heart in the cute Washington Valley of New Jersey in March 2000. He lived with a puppy-raiser family for almost a twelvemonth where he learned basic obedience and was exposed to the sights and sounds of customs life—the same experiences he would before long face equally a guide dog. He then went through four months of intensive training where he learned how to guide and ensure the condom of the person with whom he would be matched. In November 2001 he was matched with his handler and they worked as a squad until Pax'south retirement in January 2012, after a long and successful career. Pax retired with his handler's family unit, where he lived with two other dogs. His life was total of play, long naps, and recreational walks until his death in January 2014.

Information technology is the sincere promise of Pax'south handler that this guide will be useful in improving the understanding nigh service animals, their purpose and role, their extensive grooming, and the rights of their handlers to travel freely and to experience the aforementioned access to employment, public accommodations, transportation, and services that others take for granted.

I.  Introduction

Individuals with disabilities may employ service animals and emotional support animals for a variety of reasons. This guide provides an overview of how major Federal ceremonious rights laws govern the rights of a person requiring a service animal. These laws, also every bit instructions on how to file a complaint, are listed in the concluding section of this publication. Many states also have laws that provide a different definition of service fauna. You should check your country'due south police force and follow the law that offers the most protection for service animals.  The certificate discusses service animals in a number of unlike settings as the rules and allowances related to access with service animals will vary co-ordinate to the police force applied and the setting.

II. Service Animal Divers past Title II and Title Iii of the ADA

A service beast ways any domestic dog that is individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability, including a physical, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability. Tasks performed can include, among other things, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a sound, reminding a person to take medication, or pressing an elevator push button.

Emotional support animals, condolement animals, and therapy dogs are non service animals nether Championship II and Title III of the ADA. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained, are non considered service animals either. The work or tasks performed past a service animate being must exist straight related to the individual's disability. It does non affair if a person has a note from a doctor that states that the person has a disability and needs to have the animal for emotional support. A md'southward letter does non plow an brute into a service animal.

Examples of animals that fit the ADA'due south definition of "service animal" because they have been specifically trained to perform a task for the person with a disability:

· Guide Dog or Seeing Eye® Canis familiaris¹ is a carefully trained dog that serves as a travel tool for persons who have severe visual impairments or are blind.

· Hearing or Signal Dog is a dog that has been trained to warning a person who has a significant hearing loss or is deaf when a sound occurs, such as a knock on the door.

· Psychiatric Service Dog is a dog that has been trained to perform tasks that assist individuals with disabilities to detect the onset of psychiatric episodes and lessen their effects. Tasks performed past psychiatric service animals may include reminding the handler to accept medicine, providing safety checks or room searches, or turning on lights for persons with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, interrupting cocky-mutilation by persons with dissociative identity disorders, and keeping disoriented individuals from danger.

· SSigDOG (sensory point dogs or social indicate domestic dog) is a canis familiaris trained to aid a person with autism. The dog alerts the handler to distracting repetitive movements mutual among those with autism, allowing the person to stop the movement (due east.g., paw flapping).

· Seizure Response Dog is a canis familiaris trained to assist a person with a seizure disorder. How the dog serves the person depends on the person's needs. The dog may stand up baby-sit over the person during a seizure or the domestic dog may go for aid. A few dogs have learned to predict a seizure and warn the person in advance to sit down or movement to a safe place.

Under Title 2 and 3 of the ADA, service animals are express to dogs. However, entities must make reasonable modifications in policies to let individuals with disabilities to use miniature horses if they take been individually trained to practice piece of work or perform tasks for individuals with disabilities.

III. Other Support or Therapy Animals

While Emotional Support Animals or Condolement Animals are often used as part of a medical treatment plan as therapy animals, they are not considered service animals under the ADA. These support animals provide companionship, relieve loneliness, and sometimes help with low, anxiety, and certain phobias, only do not accept special training to perform tasks that assist people with disabilities. Even though some states take laws defining therapy animals, these animals are non limited to working with people with disabilities and therefore are not covered past federal laws protecting the use of service animals.  Therapy animals provide people with therapeutic contact, usually in a clinical setting, to improve their physical, social, emotional, and/or cognitive functioning.

IV. Handler'south Responsibilities

The handler is responsible for the care and supervision of his or her service animal. If a service animate being behaves in an unacceptable way and the person with a disability does not command the animal, a business concern or other entity does not accept to permit the creature onto its bounds. Uncontrolled barking, jumping on other people, or running away from the handler are examples of unacceptable behavior for a service animal. A business organisation has the correct to deny access to a dog that disrupts their business. For example, a service canis familiaris that barks repeatedly and disrupts another patron's enjoyment of a motion picture could exist asked to leave the theater. Businesses, public programs, and transportation providers may exclude a service animal when the animal's behavior poses a direct threat to the health or safety of others. If a service animal is growling at other shoppers at a grocery store, the handler may be asked to remove the animal.

· The ADA requires the beast to exist under the control of the handler.  This tin occur using a harness, leash, or other tether.  However, in cases where either the handler is unable to hold a tether considering of a disability or its apply would interfere with the service creature'due south prophylactic, effective operation of work or tasks, the service animal must be nether the handler's control by another means, such as vocalism command.²

· The animal must be housebroken.³

· The ADA does not require covered entities to provide for the care or supervision of a service fauna, including cleaning up after the animal.

· The animal should be vaccinated in accordance with country and local laws.

· An entity may also assess the type, size, and weight of a miniature horse in determining whether or not the horse volition exist allowed admission to the facility.

Five. Handler's Rights

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Titles II and III of the ADA makes information technology articulate that service animals are allowed in public facilities and accommodations. A service brute must exist allowed to accompany the handler to whatever place in the building or facility where members of the public, program participants, customers, or clients are allowed. Even if the business or public programme has a "no pets" policy, it may not deny entry to a person with a service animal. Service animals are non pets. Then, although a "no pets" policy is perfectly legal, it does not let a business to exclude service animals.

When a person with a service animal enters a public facility or place of public accommodation, the person cannot be asked nigh the nature or extent of his disability. Only 2 questions may be asked:

i. Is the animate being required because of a disability?

ii. What work or task has the animal been trained to perform?

These questions should not exist asked, still, if the animal's service tasks are obvious. For example, the questions may not exist asked if the dog is observed guiding an private who is blind or has low vision, pulling a person's wheelchair, or providing assistance with stability or balance to an individual with an observable mobility inability.^four

A public accommodation or facility is not immune to inquire for documentation or proof that the animal has been certified, trained, or licensed every bit a service animal. Local laws that prohibit specific breeds of dogs do non use to service animals.⁵

A identify of public accommodation or public entity may not inquire an individual with a disability to pay a surcharge, even if people accompanied past pets are required to pay fees. Entities cannot require anything of people with service animals that they do not require of individuals in general, with or without pets. If a public accommodation normally charges individuals for the damage they crusade, an individual with a disability may exist charged for damage caused by his or her service animal.⁶

b) Employment

Laws prohibit employment discrimination because of a disability. Employers are required to provide reasonable adaptation. Allowing an individual with a disability to have a service beast or an emotional support animal accompany them to piece of work may exist considered an adaptation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which enforces the employment provisions of the ADA (Title I), does not take a specific regulation on service animals.⁷ In the case of a service animal or an emotional support animal, if the disability is not obvious and/or the reason the creature is needed is not clear, an employer may request documentation to establish the existence of a disability and how the animate being helps the individual perform his or her chore.

Documentation might include a detailed description of how the animate being would help the employee in performing chore tasks and how the animal is trained to behave in the workplace.  A person seeking such an adaptation may suggest that the employer permit the animal to back-trail them to work on a trial footing.

Both service and emotional support animals may be excluded from the workplace if they pose either an undue hardship or a direct threat in the workplace.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Human activity (FHA) protects a person with a disability from discrimination in obtaining housing. Under this law, a landlord or homeowner's association must provide reasonable accommodation to people with disabilities and then that they accept an equal opportunity to enjoy and apply a dwelling.⁸ Emotional back up animals that do non qualify as service animals under the ADA may nevertheless qualify equally reasonable accommodations nether the FHA.^nine In cases when a person with a disability uses a service beast or an emotional support animate being, a reasonable adaptation may include waiving a no-pet rule or a pet deposit.¹⁰ This animal is not considered a pet.

A landlord or homeowner's clan may not enquire a housing applicant about the existence, nature, and extent of his or her disability. Still, an individual with a disability who requests a reasonable adaptation may exist asked to provide documentation then that the landlord or homeowner'south clan tin can properly review the accommodation asking.¹¹ They can ask a person to certify, in writing, (ane) that the tenant or a fellow member of his or her family is a person with a disability; (2) the demand for the animal to assist the person with that specific inability; and (three) that the animal actually assists the person with a disability.  It is important to go on in mind that the ADA may apply in the housing context likewise, for example with pupil housing. Where the ADA applies, requiring documentation or certification would non be permitted with regard to an fauna that qualifies every bit a "service creature."

d) Didactics

Service animals in public schools (K-12) ¹³ – The ADA permits a student with a disability who uses a service animal to have the brute at school.  In improver, the Individuals with Disabilities Didactics Human action (Idea) and Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act let a student to employ an animal that does not run across the ADA definition of a service animal if that student's Individual Education Plan (IEP) or Section 504 team decides the animal is necessary for the pupil to receive a gratuitous and appropriate pedagogy.  Where the ADA applies, however, schools should be mindful that the apply of a service animal is a right that is not dependent upon the decision of an IEP or Department 504 team.^xiv

Emotional support animals, therapy animals, and companion animals are seldom allowed to accompany students in public schools. Indeed, the ADA does not contemplate the apply of animals other than those coming together the definition of "service animal."  Ultimately, the determination whether a pupil may utilize an animal other than a service beast should exist made on a case-by-example basis by the IEP or Department 504 team.

Service animals in postsecondary educational activity settings – Under the ADA, colleges and universities must allow people with disabilities to bring their service animals into all areas of the facility that are open to the public or to students.

Colleges and universities may have a policy asking students who use service animals to contact the schoolhouse'south Disability Services Coordinator to register as a student with a disability. Higher education institutions may not require whatsoever documentation about the grooming or certification of a service animal. They may, all the same, require proof that a service fauna has any vaccinations required by state or local laws that apply to all animals.

due east) Transportation

A person traveling with a service animal cannot be denied access to transportation, fifty-fifty if there is a "no pets" policy. In addition, the person with a service animal cannot be forced to sit in a detail spot; no additional fees can be charged because the person uses a service animal; and the client does not have to provide accelerate detect that s/he volition exist traveling with a service creature.

The laws utilise to both public and private transportation providers and include subways, fixed-route buses, Paratransit, rail, light-rail, taxicabs, shuttles and limousine services.

f) Air Travel

At the end of 2020, the U.Southward. Section of Transportation (DOT) announced that it revised its Air Carrier Access Act regulation on the transportation of service animals by air. We are working to update the information provided beneath to marshal with the changes. While we take the time to update our data, check out a summary of the changes bachelor on DOT'south website. You can also find some additional information in DOT's Aviation Consumer Protection'due south article about service animals.

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) requires airlines to permit service animals and emotional support animals to accompany their handlers in the cabin of the shipping.

Service animals – For evidence that an animate being is a service animal, air carriers may enquire to come across identification cards, written documentation, presence of harnesses or tags, or ask for verbal assurances from the individual with a inability using the animal. If airline personnel are uncertain that an beast is a service animate being, they may inquire ane of the following:

1. What tasks or functions does your animal perform for you?

2. What has your animal been trained to exercise for you?

three. Would y'all describe how the animate being performs this task for you? ^xv

Emotional back up and psychiatric service animals – Individuals who travel with emotional support animals or psychiatric service animals may need to provide specific documentation to found that they have a inability and the reason the animal must travel with them. Individuals who wish to travel with their emotional back up or psychiatric animals should contact the airline ahead of time to notice out what kind of documentation is required.

Examples of documentation that may be requested past the airline: Current documentation (non more one year quondam) on letterhead from a licensed mental health professional stating (ane) the passenger has a mental health-related disability listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM Four); (2) having the animal accompany the passenger is necessary to the passenger's mental wellness or handling; (3) the individual providing the assessment of the passenger is a licensed mental health professional and the rider is under his or her professional care; and (4) the date and type of the mental health professional's license and the state or other jurisdiction in which it was issued.^xvi This documentation may be required as a condition of permitting the fauna to accompany the rider in the motel.

Other animals – According to the ACAA, airlines are not required otherwise to carry animals of any kind either in the cabin or in the cargo hold. Airlines are free to adopt any policy they choose regarding the carriage of pets and other animals (for example, search and rescue dogs) provided that they comply with other applicative requirements (for example, the Animal Welfare Human action).

Animals such as miniature horses, pigs, and monkeys may be considered service animals. A carrier must decide on a case-by-example basis according to factors such every bit the fauna's size and weight; country and foreign country restrictions; whether or not the beast would pose a direct threat to the health or safety of others; or cause a central alteration in the cabin service.¹⁷ Individuals should contact the airlines ahead of travel to find out what is permitted.

Airlines are not required to transport unusual animals such equally snakes, other reptiles, ferrets, rodents, and spiders. Foreign carriers are not required to transport animals other than dogs.¹⁸

VI. Reaction/Response of Others

Allergies and fear of dogs are not valid reasons for denying access or refusing service to people using service animals.  If employees, fellow travelers, or customers are afraid of service animals, a solution may be to permit enough space for that person to avert getting close to the service animal.

Virtually allergies to animals are caused by straight contact with the beast. A separated space might exist acceptable to avert allergic reactions.

If a person is at risk of a meaning allergic reaction to an brute, information technology is the responsibility of the business or government entity to observe a way to accommodate both the private using the service animal and the individual with the allergy.

Seven. Service Animals in Training

a) Air Travel

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) does not permit "service animals in training" in the motel of the aircraft because "in training" status indicates that they do not however meet the legal definition of service animal. Even so, like pet policies, airline policies regarding service animals in grooming vary. Some airlines permit qualified trainers to bring service animals in training aboard an aircraft for training purposes. Trainers of service animals should consult with airlines and become familiar with their policies.

 b) Employment

In the employment setting, employers may be obligated to permit employees to bring their "service animal in grooming" into the workplace every bit a reasonable accommodation, particularly if the animal is existence trained to assist the employee with work-related tasks. The untrained animal may be excluded, nonetheless, if it becomes a workplace disruption or causes an undue hardship in the workplace.

c) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title 2 and III of the ADA does not cover "service animals in grooming" just several states accept laws when they should exist allowed admission.

VIII. Laws & Enforcement

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Championship Two of the ADA covers state and local authorities facilities, activities, and programs. Title 3 of the ADA covers places of public accommodations. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Human action covers federal government facilities, activities, and programs. Information technology also covers the entities that receive federal funding.

Title 2 and Championship 3 Complaints – These can exist filed through private lawsuits in federal court or directed to the U.S. Department of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, North.W.
Civil Rights Segmentation
Disability Rights Section – NYA
Washington, DC 20530
http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)
800-514-0383 (TTY)

Section 504 Complaints – These must be made to the specific federal agency that oversees the program or funding.

b) Employment

Championship I of the ADA and Section 501 and Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination in employment. The ADA covers private employers with 15 or more employees; Section 501 applies to federal agencies, and Section 504 applies to any program or entity receiving federal financial help.

ADA Complaints - A person must file a accuse with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) within 180 days of an alleged violation of the ADA. This deadline may exist extended to 300 days if at that place is a state or local fair employment practices agency that besides has jurisdiction over this matter. Complaints may be filed in person, by mail, or past telephone by contacting the nearest EEOC role. This number is listed in most telephone directories under "U.S. Regime." For more information:

http://www.eeoc.gov/contact/index.cfm
800-669-4000 (voice)
800-669-6820 (TTY)

Section 501 Complaints - Federal employees must contact their agency'due south Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officer within 45 days of an alleged Section 501 violation.

Section 504 Complaints – These must exist filed with the federal agency that funded the employer.

c) Housing

The Fair Housing Deed (FHA), as amended in 1988, applies to housing. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits bigotry on the ground of disability in all housing programs and activities that are either conducted by the federal government or receive federal financial help. Title Ii of the ADA applies to housing provided by state or local authorities entities.

Complaints – Housing complaints may be filed with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity.

http://www.hud.gov/fairhousing

800-669-9777 (phonation)

800-927-9275 (TTY)

d) Education

Students with disabilities in public schools (K-12) are covered by Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Idea), Title Two of the ADA, and Department 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Students with disabilities in public postsecondary educational activity are covered past Championship II and Section 504.  Title Three of the ADA applies to private schools (K-12 and mail service-secondary) that are not operated by religious entities. Private schools that receive federal funding are also covered by Section 504.

IDEA Complaints - Parents can asking a due process hearing and a review from the land educational agency if applicable in that country. They as well can appeal the land agency's decision to land or federal court. Yous may contact the Office of Special Didactics and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) for further information or to provide your own thoughts and ideas on how they may better serve individuals with disabilities, their families and their communities.

For more information contact:

Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

U.South. Department of Education

400 Maryland Avenue, S.Westward.

Washington, DC 20202-7100

202-245-7468 (voice)

Championship 2 of the ADA and Section 504 Complaints - The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) in the Department of Education enforces Title Ii of the ADA and Section 504 as they utilise to didactics. Those who have had access denied due to a service animal may file a complaint with OCR or file a private lawsuit in federal court. An OCR complaint must exist filed inside 180 calendar days of the date of the declared discrimination, unless the time for filing is extended for good crusade. Before filing an OCR complaint against an institution, an private may want to find out about the institution's grievance process and employ that process to have the complaint resolved. However, an individual is not required by police force to use the institutional grievance procedure before filing a complaint with OCR. If someone uses an institutional grievance process and then chooses to file the complaint with OCR, the complaint must be filed with OCR within 60 days afterwards the last human action of the institutional grievance procedure.

For more information contact:

U.S. Department of Pedagogy

Office for Civil Rights

400 Maryland Avenue, Due south.W.

Washington, DC 20202-1100

Customer Service: 800-421-3481 (voice)

800-877-8339 (TTY)

Due east-mail service: OCR@ed.gov

http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/howto.html

Title III Complaints – These may be filed with the Section of Justice.

U.South. Section of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.

Civil Rights Partitioning

Disability Rights Department – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://world wide web.ada.gov/

800-514-0301 (five)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

e) Transportation

Title 2 of the ADA applies to public transportation while Title III of the ADA applies to transportation provided by private entities. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act applies to federal entities and recipients of federal funding that provide transportation.

Title 2 and Section 504 Complaints – These may be filed with the Federal Transit Administration's Part of Ceremonious Rights. For more information, contact:

Manager, FTA Function of Civil Rights

Due east Building – 5th Floor, TCR

1200 New Bailiwick of jersey Ave., S.E.

Washington, DC 20590
FTA ADA Assistance Line: 888-446-4511 (Voice)
800-877-8339 (Federal Data Relay Service)
http://www.fta.dot.gov/civil_rights.html
http://world wide web.fta.dot.gov/12874_3889.html (Complaint Class)

Championship 3 Complaints – These may exist filed with the Department of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northward.Due west.

Ceremonious Rights Division

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

Annotation: A person does non have to file a complaint with the respective federal bureau earlier filing a lawsuit in federal court.

f) Air Transportation

The Air Carrier Admission Deed (ACAA) covers airlines. Its regulations clarify what animals are considered service animals and explain how each blazon of fauna should be treated.

ACAA complaints may exist submitted to the Department of Transportation's Aviation Consumer Protection Division. Air travelers who feel disability-related air travel service problems may call the hotline at 800-778-4838 (voice) or 800- 455-9880 (TTY) to obtain help. Air travelers who would like the Department of Transportation (DOT) to investigate a complaint nigh a disability upshot must submit their complaint in writing or via email to:

Aviation Consumer Protection Division
Attn: C-75-D
U.S. Department of Transportation
1200 New Jersey Ave, South.E.
Washington, DC 20590

For boosted data and questions virtually your rights under any of these laws, contact your regional ADA center at 800-949-4232 (voice/TTY).

Acknowledgements

The contents of this booklet were developed by the Southwest ADA Eye under a grant (#H133A110027) from the Department of Education's National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Enquiry (NIDRR). Even so, those contents do non necessarily stand for the policy of the Department of Pedagogy and y'all should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.

Southwest ADA Center at ILRU
TIRR Memorial Hermann Research Heart
1333 Moursund St.
Houston, Texas 77030
713.520.0232 (voice/TTY)
800.949.4232 (voice/TTY)
http://www.southwestada.org

The Southwest ADA Centre is a program of ILRU (Independent Living Research Utilization) at TIRR Memorial Hermann.  The Southwest ADA Middle is role of a national network of ten regional ADA Centers that provide up-to-date information, referrals, resource, and preparation on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The centers serve a variety of audiences, including businesses, employers, regime entities, and individuals with disabilities. Phone call 1-800-949-4232 v/tty to reach the middle that serves your region or visit http://www.adata.org.

This book is printed courtesy of the ADA National Network. The Southwest ADA Centre would like to give thanks Jacquie Brennan (author), Ramin Taheri, Richard Piddling, Kathy Gips, Sally Weiss, Wendy Strobel Gower, Erin Marie Sember-Chase, Marian Vessels, and the ADA Knowledge Translation Heart at the University of Washington for their contributions to this booklet.

© Southwest ADA Center 2014. All rights reserved

Principal Investigator: Lex Frieden
Projection Manager: Vinh Nguyen
Publication staff: Maria DelBosque, Marisa Demaya, and George Powers

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[1] http://www.seeingeye.org

[2] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(4); 28 C.F.,R. § 35.136(d).

[3] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(2); 28 C.F.,R. §35.136(b)(2).

[four] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(vi).

[5] Run across 28 C.F.R. Pt. 35, App. A; Sak five. Aurelia, Metropolis of,  C 11-4111-MWB (Northward.D. Iowa Dec. 28, 2011)

[six] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(8).

[vii] 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630 App. The EEOC, in the Interpretive Guidance accompanying the regulations, stated that guide dogs may be an accommodation..."For instance, information technology would be a reasonable accommodation for an employer to let an individual who is blind to use a guide canis familiaris at work, even though the employer would not be required to provide a guide dog for the employee."

[8] 42 U.S.C. § 3604(f)(3)(B).

[9] Off-white Housing of the Dakotas, Inc. five. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 3:09-cv-58 (D.N.D. Mar. 30, 2011): "… the FHA encompasses all types of help animals regardless of grooming, including those that ameliorate a physical disability and those that ameliorate a mental disability."

[ten] See Bronk five. Ineichen, 54 F.3d 425, 428-429 (7th Cir. 1995); HUD v. Purkett, FH-FL 19372 (HUDALJ July 31, 1990) Green 5. Housing Dominance of Clackamas County, 994 F.Supp. 1253 (D. Ore. 1998).

[xi] Hawn five. Shoreline Towers Phase i Condominium Clan, Inc., 347 Fed. Appx. 464 (11th Cir. 2009).

[12] Run into "Pet Ownership for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities", 73 Federal Register 208 (27 October 2008), pp. 63834-63838; United States. (2004). Reasonable Accommodations under the Off-white Housing Human action: Joint Statement of the Department of Housing and Urban Evolution and Section of Justice. Washington, D.C: U.S. Section of Housing and Urban Evolution and U.S. Department of Justice [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 03/06/2014 from http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/jointstatement_ra.php.

[13] Private schools that are not operated past religious entities are considered public accommodations. Please refer to Department V(a).

[14] Sullivan five. Vallejo City Unified Sch. Dist., 731 F. Supp. 947 (East.D. Cal. 1990).

[15] "Guidance Concerning Service Animals in Air Transportation", 68 Federal Register xc (ix May 2003), p. 24875.

[16] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(eastward).

[17] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(f).

[eighteen] Id.

Source: https://adata.org/guide/service-animals-and-emotional-support-animals

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